As we navigate the real estate market, home affordability is a significant concern for many individuals and families. In recent years, the headlines have caused alarm, leading to a misunderstanding of the actual situation. Additionally, the associated articles often fall short in providing clarity, as they tend to leave out critical information that provides a complete picture.

In 2022, several news stories predicted a steep drop of 20% in home prices. However, this did not come to pass, as the analysts failed to grasp the intricacies of home affordability. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the factors that constitute home affordability to make sound decisions regarding real estate investments.

At its core, home affordability is determined by three primary factors: home prices, wages, and mortgage rates. These factors play a crucial role in determining whether an individual or family can afford to purchase a home. In this article, we will delve deeper into these factors and explore how they affect home affordability.

Home Prices

Home prices refer to the cost of homes, which can vary depending on several factors such as location, size, age, and amenities. In many cases, the demand for housing in a particular area drives up home prices. Increasing the supply of housing through new construction can help reduce the cost of homes and make homeownership more accessible.

It is worth noting that lowering home prices is not the only solution for making homes more affordable. In some cases, lower home prices can result in lower quality homes, which can lead to additional costs down the line. Instead, increasing the supply of housing through new construction can help reduce home prices without sacrificing quality.

Wages

Wages are another critical factor in home affordability. If wages are not increasing at the same rate as home prices, it can be challenging for individuals and families to afford a home. In recent years, wages have not kept up with the rising cost of living, which has made homeownership more difficult for many people.

An increase in wages can have a positive impact on home affordability. It can make it easier for individuals and families to purchase a home and reduce the financial strain that comes with homeownership. Employers can play a significant role in improving wages and, in turn, making homeownership more accessible to their employees.

Mortgage Rates

Mortgage rates are a significant factor in home affordability. The interest rate on a mortgage loan has a significant impact on the overall cost of homeownership. Lower mortgage rates can make it easier for individuals and families to purchase a home, while higher mortgage rates can increase the monthly payment and make homeownership more challenging to achieve.

It is worth noting that higher mortgage rates do not necessarily mean homes are unaffordable. Instead, it is crucial to consider all three factors when assessing home affordability. Lowering home prices alone may not be enough to make homeownership more accessible. An increase in wages and lower mortgage rates can also have a significant impact on home affordability.

National Association of Realtors’ Housing Affordability Index

The National Association of Realtors has an index called the Housing Affordability Index. The index indicates whether families can qualify for a mortgage loan on a median-priced home. An index above 100 signifies that family earning the median income has more than enough income to qualify for a mortgage loan on a median-priced home, assuming a 20 percent down payment.

In January 2023, the index was at 104.9, indicating that more families can qualify for a mortgage loan on a median-priced home. This is a positive sign for those looking to purchase a home, as it suggests that homeownership may be more accessible than in previous years.

The Impact of Increasing Demand

Despite the challenges that come with homeownership, many individuals still see it as a crucial part of achieving financial stability and building wealth. As such, demand for homes remains high, which can impact home affordability.

According to a Nerd Wallet survey called the 2023 Home Buyer Report, 28 million Americans plan to purchase a home in the next 12 months. This is a significant number and highlights the pent-up demand for homeownership. To put it in perspective, only under 6 million homes sold last year. This demand for homes, combined with the current state of home affordability, is likely to drive up home prices, making it even more challenging for some individuals and families to purchase a home.

However, it is worth noting that every time mortgage rates decline by 1%, 5 million more renters are able to afford a home to purchase. This means that even with high demand, lowering mortgage rates can make homeownership more accessible to a broader range of people.

Real Estate Market: The Calm Before the Storm?

Despite the headlines in 2022 predicting a steep drop in home prices, the real estate market has remained relatively stable. According to the Case-Shiller 20-city composite index, year-over-year appreciation in January 2023 was at 3.8%, indicating that home prices did not experience the drastic drop that some analysts had predicted.

While four of the 20 cities did see declines, and 16 of the 20 cities saw an increase, the cities with a decline were all on the west coast of the U.S. and this is because of the slowdown in the tech sector which is so prevalent in those markets. In January 2023, month-over-month data showed a decline of negative 0.2 percent, but this is not significant as it is only two-tenths of a percent.

It is essential to note that the real estate market is not just local; it is hyperlocal. While the national picture is positive, it is important to consider the local market when assessing the state of the real estate market. Factors such as the job market, the economy, and population growth can all impact the local real estate market and, in turn, home affordability.

Understanding the factors that affect home affordability is crucial for individuals and families looking to purchase a home. The three primary factors that constitute home affordability are home prices, wages, and mortgage rates. Lowering home prices is not the only solution for making homes more affordable, and an increase in wages can have a positive impact on home affordability. It is crucial to consider all three factors when assessing home affordability.

Despite the challenges that come with homeownership, many individuals still see it as a crucial part of achieving financial stability and building wealth. With pent-up demand for homeownership, the real estate market is likely to experience a surge in home sales in the coming years. This demand, combined with the current state of home affordability, is likely to drive up home prices, making it even more challenging for some individuals and families to purchase a home.